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1. Official Name:
Negara Brunei Darussalam (The Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace)
2. Government
Brunei is a Malay Muslim monarchy ruled by His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, the 29th monarch in succession to the throne.
The Sultan is also the Prime Minister heading a team of cabinet ministers. His Majesty is the Defence and Finance Minister.
The Ministers each head a ministry and Deputy Ministers assist them in some ministries and Permanent Secretaries in all ministries. The ministries are divided into various departments; each headed by a Director. Brunei's four districts – Brunei Muara, Belait, Tutong and Temburong are each under the supervision of a District Officer. Each District Officer has a team of Mukim heads termed as Penghulus. A Mukim is a sub-division of a district. Each Mukim is divided into various villages headed by Ketua Kampongs (village headmen) Other grassroots representatives are long-house Tuais (elders) and the Pehin Kapitan Cina, who represents the Chinese community.
3. National Language
Malay or Bahasa Melayu is the national and official language of the country. The Malays form the biggest ethnic group in Brunei. However, English is widely spoken and understood especially in the business community. The various indigenous groups speak indigenous dialects in Brunei. Chinese groups speak Mandarin, Hokkien and Cantonese as well as the national language, Bahasa Melayu.
4. Area
The country covers an expanse of 5,800 square kilometeres and has a coastline of about l30kms. About 75% of the land is covered in jungle, most of which is pristine rain -forest.
5. Climate
Brunei has a tropical equatorial climate with a high mean temperature of about 28 degrees Celsius. Average annual rainfall is a high 3,295mm while the mean humidity level is in excess of 80%. Climate is largely influenced by seasonal monsoons. The dry months are usually during March to May (the period of uncertain winds and changing monsoons), and the wet months are between November to February (North-East monsoons).
6. Topography
Brunei has an undulating landscape marked by low hills and wide valleys. It has a narrow coastal plain which is intersected by several rivers descending from a mountainous hinterland. Temburong district, the eastern split half, is more hilly and mountainous.
The major Brunei, Tutong, Belait and Temburong rivers and its tributaries drain the valleys.
Mangrove swamps usually cover the lower reaches of the rivers and the upper reaches are often stony with rapids in the higher regions. Beaches facing the open sea are sandy and a mixture of sand and mangrove in the areas away from the sea.
7. Population
The total population stands at 305,100 (1996 figures).
Population is concentrated in Brunei-Muara District, along coastal regions and major
rivers of the country. Population density is 53 persons per square kilometre.
Population growth averages at 3.1% per year. The annual birth and death rates are 2.5% and
0.33% respectively. Life expectancy for men is 72.1 and for women, it is 76.5 years.
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A. By Sex |
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Males: 161,500 (52.9%) |
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Females: 143,600 (47.1%) |
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B. By Racial Group: |
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Malays and other indigenous groups: 222,100 (75.8%) |
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Chinese: 46,300 (15.2%) |
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Others: 36,700 (12.0%) |
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C. By Age Group |
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0-9 years old: 70,500 |
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10-19 years old: 5,600 |
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20-29 years old: 57,800 |
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30-39 years old: 57,000 |
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40-49 years old: 34,300 |
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50-59 years old: 15,300 |
| 60-69 years old: 8,400 | |
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70-79 years old: 3,800 |
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80-84 years old: 1,000 |
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85 and above: 1,000 |
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D. By District |
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Brunei-Muara District 201,100 (65.9%) |
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Belait District 61,800 (20.3%) |
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Tutong District 33,500 (11.0%) |
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Temburong 8,700 (2.9%) |
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8. Employment |
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Population under employment 112,000 |
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(75,100 males, 36,900 females) |
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Rate of Unemployment 4.7% |
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9. Education |
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9.1 Student Population |
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Kindergarten and primary schools: 55, 561 |
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Secondary Schools: 28,162 |
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Technical or vocational colleges: 2,018 |
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Teachers training college: 529 |
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Institutes: 390 |
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University: 1,622 |
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| 9.2 Institutions of Education | |
| Kindergartens and primary schools: 122 | |
| Secondary school: 50 | |
| Technical and vocational colleges: 8 | |
| Teacher training colleges: 1 | |
| Institutes: 3 | |
| University: 1 | |
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10. GDP |
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| Total GDP for 1996 was B$7,684.8m | |
| Oil Sector B$2,832.2m | |
| Non-oil sector B$4,852.6m | |
| Government sector B$2,260.2m | |
| Private sector B$2,592.4m | |
| Per capita B$25,200.Om | |
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11.Trade |
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| 11.1 Exports | |
| Total exports B$3,388.Om | |
| Total imports B$2,953.7m | |
| Trade balance B$ 434.4m | |
| Crude petroleum export B$1,475. 8m | |
| Natural gas exports B$1,561.4m | |
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| 11.2 Imports | |
| Machinery and Transport | |
| Equipment imports B$1,033.5m | |
| Manufactured goods import B$ 908.9m | |
| Food import B$ 324.3m | |
| Manufactured articles import B$ 303.Om | |
| Chemicals import B$ 217.9m | |
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| 12. Transport | |
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| 12.1 Land | |
| Registered vehicles 177,599 | |
| Private cars 149,738 | |
| Goods vehicles 15,797 | |
| Motorable Roads 2,469.6km | |
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| 12.2 Sea | |
| Total registered boats 212 | |
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| 12.3 Air | |
| Inward air passengers: 529,800 | |
| Outward air passenger 522,600 | |
- Copyright © 1999 -
All rights reserved.
Revised: December 25, 1999.